Field experiment on effect of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin complex on the immunity and stress of olive flounder at low temperature

In this study, a fish metabolic accelerator (a combination of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin [BPC]) was injected into the muscle olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, to investigate its effect on immunity stress in maintained at low temperatures. A single dose BPC (100 mg/kg body weight) were observed after one two weeks. Immunity tests revealed presence lysozyme (LZM), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), anti-protease (AP), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total immunoglobulin (TIg). injection found increase activity compared control group. particular, there significantly high GPx activity. There similarly for MPO first week following injection, followed by significant differences between BPC-injected groups second week. reduced water-temperature response fish, as evidenced cortisol glucose levels groups. Lower also group than during Cortisol lower Histological examinations conducted weeks intramuscular recommended confirm safety aquaculture. no abnormalities any tissue samples. This study confirms that is safe even when used culture situation. helps relieve improves non-specific immune responses (innate immunity) flounder.